COVID Stimulus Watch: Governmental Program Summary

Program:
Airport Grant Program ($500,000 and up)

Note: does not include refunded awards.

Grant Total: $11,261,597,860
Loan Face Value Total: $0
Contract Total: $0
Number of Awards: 792
Top 10 Parent Companies
Grant Total
Loan Face Value Total
Contract Total
Number of Awards
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
$565,592,686
$0
$0
7
Chicago Department of Aviation
$464,196,118
$0
$0
4
Atlanta Department of Aviation
$425,760,093
$0
$0
2
Los Angeles World Airports
$395,916,180
$0
$0
2
DFW Airport Board
$359,431,216
$0
$0
2
City & County of Denver Department of Aviation
$324,861,049
$0
$0
2
SFO Airport
$301,324,350
$0
$0
2
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority
$271,808,475
$0
$0
4
Miami-Dade Aviation Department
$246,394,375
$0
$0
2
Clark County Department of Aviation
$237,081,111
$0
$0
2

Individual Award Records:

CSV XML (max 5,000 records)

Company
State
Parent
Parent Sector
Grant Amount
Loan Face Value
Contract Amount
Award Date Sort descending
Abraham Lincoln Capital
State:IL
Parent:Springfield Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$4,661,086
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Akron-Canton Regional
State:OH
Parent:Akron Canton Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$7,609,950
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Arnold Palmer Regional
State:PA
Parent:Westmoreland County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$2,415,724
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Atlantic City International
State:NJ
Parent:South Jersey Transportation Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$7,892,177
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall
State:MD
Parent:Maryland Aviation Administration (MDOT MAA)
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$87,643,261
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Barkley Regional
State:KY
Parent:Barkley Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,086,134
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Bert Mooney
State:MT
Parent:Bert Mooney Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,143,102
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Bishop International
State:MI
Parent:Bishop International Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$7,246,521
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Blue Grass
State:KY
Parent:Lexington-Fayette Urban County Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$9,567,339
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Bob Hope
State:CA
Parent:Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$21,081,611
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Bozeman Yellowstone International
State:MT
Parent:Gallatin Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$15,446,029
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Bradley International
State:CT
Parent:Connecticut Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$28,543,046
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Buffalo Niagara International
State:NY
Parent:Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$21,647,814
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Capital Region International
State:MI
Parent:Capital Region Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$10,321,307
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Casper/Natrona County International
State:WY
Parent:Airport Board of Trustees
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,544,449
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Central IL Regional Airport at Bloomington-Normal
State:IL
Parent:Bloomington-Normal Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$4,632,066
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Central Nebraska Regional
State:NE
Parent:Hall County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$2,666,378
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Charles M Schulz - Sonoma County
State:CA
Parent:Sonoma County Department of Transportation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$19,661,086
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Charlotte/Douglas International
State:NC
Parent:Charlotte Aviation Department
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$135,568,960
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Charlottesville-Albemarle
State:VA
Parent:Charlottesville-Albemarle Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$6,279,972
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Cheyenne Regional/Jerry Olson Field
State:WY
Parent:Cheyenne Regional Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$4,730,218
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Chicago Midway International
State:IL
Parent:Chicago Department of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$82,301,882
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Chicago O'Hare International
State:IL
Parent:Chicago Department of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$294,441,928
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Chicago/Rockford International
State:IL
Parent:Greater Rockford Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$18,629,312
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International
State:KY
Parent:Kenton County Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$42,899,066
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Columbia Metropolitan
State:SC
Parent:Richland-Lexington Airport District
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$8,850,557
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Columbus
State:GA
Parent:Columbus Airport Commission
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,203,070
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Cyril E King
State:VI
Parent:Virgin Islands Port Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$21,527,641
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Dallas-Fort Worth International
State:TX
Parent:DFW Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$299,199,046
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Denver International
State:CO
Parent:City & County of Denver Department of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$269,073,999
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County
State:MI
Parent:Wayne County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$141,886,415
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Devils Lake Regional
State:ND
Parent:Devils Lake Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$16,882,627
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Dickinson - Theodore Roosevelt Regional
State:ND
Parent:Dickinson Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,092,969
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Dothan Regional
State:AL
Parent:Dothan-Houston County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,449,039
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Dubois Regional
State:PA
Parent:Clearfield-Jefferson Counties Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,960,575
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Eppley Airfield
State:NE
Parent:Omaha Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$32,821,258
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Erie International/Tom Ridge Field
State:PA
Parent:Erie Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$18,499,203
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Evansville Regional
State:IN
Parent:Evansville/Vanderburgh Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$19,766,993
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Florence Regional
State:SC
Parent:Pee Dee Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$18,037,766
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International
State:FL
Parent:Broward County Aviation Department
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$134,958,902
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Fort Smith Regional
State:AR
Parent:Fort Smith Airport Commission
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$11,614,426
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Fort Wayne International
State:IN
Parent:Fort Wayne-Allen County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$14,538,406
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
General Downing - Peoria International
State:IL
Parent:Metropolitan Airport Authority of Peoria
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$6,177,124
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
General Edward Lawrence Logan International
State:MA
Parent:Massachusetts Port Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$141,340,992
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
George Bush Intercontinental/Houston
State:TX
Parent:Houston Airport System
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$149,187,874
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Gerald R Ford International
State:MI
Parent:Gerald R. Ford International Airport Authority & Kent County
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$16,261,068
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Glacier Park International
State:MT
Parent:Flathead Municipal Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$11,572,182
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Grand Forks International
State:ND
Parent:Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$18,855,574
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Grand Junction Regional
State:CO
Parent:Grand Junction Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$5,679,740
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Great Falls International
State:MT
Parent:Great Falls International Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$3,960,216
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Greenbrier Valley
State:WV
Parent:Greenbrier County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,042,623
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Greenville Spartanburg International
State:SC
Parent:Greenville-Spartanburg Airport District
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$25,826,371
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Guam International
State:GU
Parent:Guam International Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$20,693,369
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Gulfport-Biloxi International
State:MS
Parent:Gulfport-Biloxi Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$20,979,795
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Harrisburg International
State:PA
Parent:Susquehanna Area Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$9,841,050
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Hartsfield - Jackson Atlanta International
State:GA
Parent:Atlanta Department of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$338,535,265
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Hector International
State:ND
Parent:Municipal Airport Authority of the City of Fargo
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$21,637,515
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Helena Regional
State:MT
Parent:Helena Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$2,999,713
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Huntsville International-Carl T Jones Field
State:AL
Parent:Huntsville / Madison County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$13,785,691
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Indianapolis International
State:IN
Parent:Indianapolis Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$52,275,549
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Jackson Hole
State:WY
Parent:Jackson Hole Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$16,494,770
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Jacksonville International
State:FL
Parent:Jacksonville Aviation Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$28,169,797
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Jamestown Regional
State:ND
Parent:Jamestown Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,061,538
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
John F Kennedy International
State:NY
Parent:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$193,389,105
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
John Glenn Columbus International
State:OH
Parent:Columbus Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$31,471,589
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County
State:PA
Parent:Johnstown-Cambria County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$5,124,995
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Kansas City International
State:MO
Parent:Kansas City Aviation Department
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$43,275,969
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Key Field
State:MS
Parent:Meridian Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,079,543
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
LaGuardia
State:NY
Parent:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$102,931,268
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Laramie Regional
State:WY
Parent:Laramie Regional Airport Board
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,070,721
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Lehigh Valley International
State:PA
Parent:Lehigh-Northampton Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$6,191,170
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Los Angeles International
State:CA
Parent:Los Angeles World Airports
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$323,636,269
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Louisville Muhammad Ali International
State:KY
Parent:Louisville Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$21,078,352
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Lovell Field
State:TN
Parent:Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$5,747,955
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Luis Munoz Marin International
State:PR
Parent:Puerto Rico Ports Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$33,417,367
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
McCarran International
State:NV
Parent:Clark County Department of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$195,485,334
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
McGhee Tyson
State:TN
Parent:Metropolitan Knoxville Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$25,830,652
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Memphis International
State:TN
Parent:Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$24,687,552
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Miami International
State:FL
Parent:Miami-Dade Aviation Department
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$206,949,557
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Minneapolis-St Paul International/Wold-Chamberlain
State:MN
Parent:Metropolitan Airports Commission
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$125,174,962
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Missoula International
State:MT
Parent:Missoula County Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$5,616,102
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Mobile Regional
State:AL
Parent:Mobile Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$15,103,747
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Monterey Regional
State:CA
Parent:Monterey Peninsula Airport District
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$12,664,025
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Nashville International
State:TN
Parent:Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$54,963,454
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Newark Liberty International
State:NJ
Parent:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$147,522,766
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Newport News/Williamsburg International
State:VA
Parent:The Peninsula Airport Commission
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$4,135,878
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Norfolk International
State:VA
Parent:Norfolk Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$19,847,270
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
North Central West Virginia
State:WV
Parent:Benedum Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$1,151,897
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
North Platte Regional Airport Lee Bird Field
State:NE
Parent:North Platte Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$3,859,446
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Northwest Arkansas Regional
State:AR
Parent:Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$8,217,024
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Northwest Florida Beaches International
State:FL
Parent:Panama City-Bay County Airport and Industrial District
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$6,327,925
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Ogdensburg International
State:NY
Parent:Ogdensburg Bridge & Port Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$2,401,267
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Ontario International
State:CA
Parent:Ontario International Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$22,184,140
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Orlando International
State:FL
Parent:Greater Orlando Aviation Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$170,702,779
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Orlando Sanford International
State:FL
Parent:Sanford Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$22,742,502
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Philadelphia International
State:PA
Parent:Philadelphia Department of Commerce, Division of Aviation
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$116,281,943
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Phoenix Sky Harbor International
State:AZ
Parent:Phoenix Airport System
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$147,883,988
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Phoenix-Mesa Gateway
State:AZ
Parent:Phoenix Mesa Gateway Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$20,530,276
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Piedmont Triad International
State:NC
Parent:Piedmont Triad Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$16,416,302
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020
Pitt-Greenville
State:NC
Parent:Pitt-Greenville Airport Authority
Parent Sector:miscellaneous services
Grant Amount:$18,067,663
Face Loan Amount:
Contract Amount:
Award Date:Apr 14, 2020

CSV XML (max 5,000 records)

Accountability Issues

Covid Stimulus Watch provides accountability data on CARES Act recipients in the following categories:

Employment iconEmployment Issues

Tax iconTax / Subsidy Issues

Contracting iconContracting Issues

Environment iconEnvironment / Safety Issues

Consumer iconConsumer Protection Issues

CEO pay iconCEO Pay Issues